Top 10 Biggest Cities in Kazakhstan by Population

Kazakhstan, the largest landlocked country in the world, is known for its vast landscapes, ranging from sprawling steppes to towering mountains. As a nation that bridges Europe and Asia, Kazakhstan is home to diverse cities that reflect its rich cultural heritage, Soviet-era history, and rapid modernization. From the capital city of Astana to the bustling metropolis of Almaty, Kazakhstan’s urban centers are hubs of economic activity, education, and cultural exchange. Each city offers a unique blend of modernity, tradition, and natural beauty, embodying the growth and dynamism of this Central Asian nation.

Here are the top 10 cities in Kazakhstan by population.

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1. Almaty

Overview

Almaty, the largest city in Kazakhstan, is known as the country’s cultural and financial hub. Although it is no longer the capital, Almaty remains a dynamic city known for its cosmopolitan lifestyle, beautiful mountains, and bustling business districts.

Population

• Approximate Population: Over 1.9 million

Key Features

• Medeu Skating Rink: The highest-altitude skating rink in the world, popular for sports and recreation.
• Kok-Tobe Hill: A hilltop park offering panoramic views of the city, with restaurants, a ferris wheel, and the famous Almaty TV Tower.
• Zenkov Cathedral: A beautiful wooden cathedral located in Panfilov Park, one of the tallest wooden buildings in the world.
• Central State Museum: Showcasing Kazakhstan’s history, culture, and heritage through extensive collections.

Why Visit Almaty?

Almaty’s vibrant cultural scene, proximity to natural attractions, and modern infrastructure make it a must-visit city. The combination of mountain views, urban parks, and diverse dining options gives Almaty a unique charm.

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2. Astana (Nur-Sultan)

Overview

Astana, recently renamed Nur-Sultan, is the capital city of Kazakhstan. Known for its futuristic architecture and rapid development, the city has transformed into a modern metropolis with iconic buildings, government institutions, and cultural landmarks.

Population

• Approximate Population: 1.2 million

Key Features

• Bayterek Tower: An iconic symbol of Astana, offering panoramic views from the observation deck.
• Khan Shatyr: A massive tent-shaped shopping and entertainment complex with indoor beaches and amusement areas.
• Palace of Peace and Reconciliation: A pyramid-shaped building dedicated to cultural and religious harmony.
• Astana Opera: A world-class opera house hosting performances in classical music, ballet, and opera.

Why Visit Astana?

Astana’s modern architecture, vibrant cultural scene, and political significance make it a fascinating city to explore. The city’s innovative designs and monuments showcase Kazakhstan’s aspirations for growth and modernization.

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3. Shymkent

Overview

Shymkent, located in southern Kazakhstan, is one of the oldest and fastest-growing cities in the country. Known for its historical sites, cultural diversity, and bustling markets, Shymkent has become a major economic and industrial center.

Population

• Approximate Population: 1 million

Key Features

• Independence Park: A central park with monuments and recreational areas, popular among locals and tourists.
• Ethno Park Ken Baba: A cultural park showcasing Kazakh traditions, including traditional yurts and performances.
• Ancient Site of Sayram: Located near Shymkent, this site is significant in Kazakh history with ancient ruins and mausoleums.
• Local Markets: Shymkent is known for its vibrant bazaars, where visitors can find everything from fresh produce to handmade crafts.

Why Visit Shymkent?

Shymkent’s rich history, lively markets, and cultural sites make it a captivating destination for those looking to experience traditional Kazakh culture. The city’s welcoming atmosphere and diverse offerings make it a must-see.

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4. Aktobe

Overview

Aktobe, situated in western Kazakhstan, is an important industrial and trade center. Known for its energy resources and modern urban planning, Aktobe is one of the country’s major hubs for industry, particularly in oil and gas.

Population

• Approximate Population: 500,000

Key Features

• Central Mosque: A significant landmark with beautiful architecture, attracting visitors and locals alike.
• Nur Gasyr Mosque: One of the largest mosques in Kazakhstan, with a striking modern design.
• Regional History Museum: Offering insights into the history and culture of the Aktobe region.
• Shopping and Dining: The city has a variety of modern shopping centers, restaurants, and cafes.

Why Visit Aktobe?

Aktobe’s industrial importance and modern amenities make it an interesting destination for those interested in Kazakhstan’s economic landscape. The city’s cultural landmarks and shopping options offer a balanced urban experience.

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5. Karaganda

Overview

Karaganda, located in central Kazakhstan, is known for its history as a coal-mining center during the Soviet era. Today, Karaganda is a vibrant city with a rich history, cultural institutions, and a growing economy.

Population

• Approximate Population: 490,000

Key Features

• Miners’ Palace of Culture: A cultural center dedicated to the mining heritage of Karaganda.
• KarLag Museum: A museum dedicated to the history of the Karaganda labor camps during the Soviet era.
• Central Park: A popular recreational area with lakes, walking paths, and amusement facilities.
• Karaganda Zoo: Home to a variety of animals and a favorite attraction for families.

Why Visit Karaganda?

Karaganda’s unique mining history, combined with its museums and parks, offers a deep insight into Kazakhstan’s past. The city’s dedication to preserving its heritage and fostering community makes it a unique destination.

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6. Pavlodar

Overview

Pavlodar, situated in northeastern Kazakhstan along the Irtysh River, is an industrial city with a focus on metallurgy and power production. Pavlodar is known for its Soviet architecture, vibrant cultural scene, and river views.

Population

• Approximate Population: 350,000

Key Features

• Mashkhur Jusup Mosque: A stunning mosque known for its intricate design and spiritual significance.
• Irtysh River Promenade: A scenic riverside area with walking paths and recreational facilities.
• Regional History Museum: Showcasing artifacts related to the history, culture, and industry of Pavlodar.
• Old Town Architecture: Pavlodar’s Soviet-era architecture and historic buildings offer a nostalgic view of the past.

Why Visit Pavlodar?

Pavlodar’s industrial roots, cultural landmarks, and riverfront beauty make it a unique city to explore. Its combination of history, industry, and scenic views offers visitors a well-rounded experience.

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7. Oskemen (Ust-Kamenogorsk)

Overview

Oskemen, also known as Ust-Kamenogorsk, is a city in eastern Kazakhstan known for its metallurgy and hydroelectric industries. The city is located at the confluence of the Irtysh and Ulba rivers, providing a picturesque setting and rich cultural heritage.

Population

• Approximate Population: 330,000

Key Features

• Ust-Kamenogorsk Fortress: A historical site marking the origins of the city.
• Victory Park: A peaceful park with monuments dedicated to World War II.
• Ethnographic Museum: Showcasing the history and traditions of the region’s ethnic groups.
• Altai Mountains: Oskemen’s proximity to the Altai Mountains offers access to natural beauty and outdoor activities.

Why Visit Oskemen?

Oskemen’s natural surroundings, historical sites, and cultural richness make it a fascinating city. Its scenic landscapes and mountain views make it a perfect spot for nature enthusiasts.

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8. Atyrau

Overview

Atyrau, located in western Kazakhstan near the Caspian Sea, is a key center for Kazakhstan’s oil and gas industry. The city’s unique location on the border between Europe and Asia gives it a distinct cultural and geographical identity.

Population

• Approximate Population: 290,000

Key Features

• Caspian Sea Proximity: The city’s location near the Caspian Sea provides unique fishing and recreational opportunities.
• Oil Industry: Atyrau is central to Kazakhstan’s oil economy, with many oil fields and refineries.
• Regional Museum: Featuring exhibits on the history, culture, and industry of Atyrau and the Caspian region.
• Monument of Europe-Asia Border: A landmark symbolizing the meeting point between Europe and Asia.

Why Visit Atyrau?

Atyrau’s economic importance and unique location on the Europe-Asia border make it a compelling destination. The city’s role in the oil industry and access to the Caspian Sea add to its appeal.

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9. Kostanay

Overview

Kostanay, located in northern Kazakhstan near the Russian border, is an agricultural and industrial city known for its wheat production and heavy machinery manufacturing. The city has a strong sense of community and a blend of modern and historical elements.

Population

• Approximate Population: 230,000

Key Features

• Victory Park: A beautiful park commemorating World War II, featuring monuments and recreational areas.
• Agricultural Significance: Kostanay is known for wheat production, contributing to Kazakhstan’s position as a major grain exporter.
• Russian Influence: The city has a mix of Kazakh and Russian cultural influences, visible in its architecture and cuisine.
• Regional Museum of History and Local Lore: Exhibiting artifacts and information about the region’s history and development.

Why Visit Kostanay?

Kostanay’s agricultural prominence, historical sites, and Russian influence make it an intriguing city to visit. Its blend of traditions and industry provides a unique look into Kazakh life.

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10. Kyzylorda

Overview

Kyzylorda, located along the Syr Darya River in southern Kazakhstan, is known for its historical significance and rice production. Originally a fortress, the city has grown into a regional center with cultural landmarks and traditional lifestyles.

Population

• Approximate Population: 215,000

Key Features

• Syr Darya River: The river provides scenic beauty and supports agriculture in the region.
• Rice Fields: Kyzylorda is known for its high-quality rice production, which plays a significant role in the local economy.
• Regional Museum of History: A museum showcasing artifacts from the area’s history, including displays on the Aral Sea.
• Baikonur Cosmodrome Proximity: Kyzylorda is near Baikonur, the world’s first and largest spaceport.

Why Visit Kyzylorda?

Kyzylorda’s agricultural lifestyle, proximity to the Baikonur Cosmodrome, and historical significance make it a unique destination. The city’s connection to Kazakhstan’s traditional and scientific heritage offers a diverse experience for visitors.